{"id":351,"date":"2021-03-08T18:58:20","date_gmt":"2021-03-08T18:58:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/?p=351"},"modified":"2021-03-11T21:25:38","modified_gmt":"2021-03-11T21:25:38","slug":"space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/?p=351","title":{"rendered":"SPACE  COMMUNICATION"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;5cda5d16-3bb6-439f-9fef-5ee0c4472142&#8243; column_structure=&#8221;1_4,3_4&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_4&#8243;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/030821_1858_Space1.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_text=&#8221;030821_1858_Space1.jpg&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;3_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p>On December 12, 1961, Amateur Radio entered the Space Age when OSCAR-1 was launched. Since then, amateurs from more than 22 different countries have launched over 70 satellites, exploring both digital and analog satellite technology. Many of the latest birds have been school experiments, training scientists and engineers.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>However, you don\u2019t need to be a rocket scientist to participate&#8211; Some satellites operate FM and can actually be worked using a dual-band handheld transceiver. An excellent place to start is AMSAT&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amsat.org\/?page_id=2144\">Station and Operating Hint<\/a>s page. AMSAT, or the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation, has played a key role in building, launching, and using amateur satellites. Occasionally, Radio Amateurs can talk with the astronauts on the International Space Station.\u00a0<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;b6cd5d00-557d-40a0-bbcb-93bfc7a94fcc&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<h2>Amsat<\/h2>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;3_4,1_4&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;3_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation, or AMSAT, is a worldwide group of Amateur Radio Operators (Hams). It\u00a0was formed in the District of Columbia in 1969 as an educational organization.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>AMSAT\u2019s goal is to foster Amateur Radio\u2019s participation in space research and communication. The Organization was founded to continue the efforts, begun in 1961, by Project\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OSCAR\">OSCAR<\/a>, a west coast USA-based group which built and launched the very first Amateur Radio satellite, OSCAR, on December 12, 1961, barely four years after the launch of Russia\u2019s first Sputnik.<\/p>\n<p>Today, the \u201chome-brew\u201d flavor of these early Amateur Radio satellites lives on, as most of the hardware and software now flying on even the most advanced AMSAT satellites is still largely the product of volunteer effort and donated resources. Though we are fond of traditions our designs and technology continue to push the outside of the envelope.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_4&#8243;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/030821_1857_2.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_text=&#8221;030821_1857_2.jpg&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p><strong>A great video is shown here about getting started <a href=\"#_top\">Guide to Ham Radio in Space<\/a> This is a beginner\u2019s guide to ham radio in space, entertaining look at amateur radio satellites<\/strong><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;b6cd5d00-557d-40a0-bbcb-93bfc7a94fcc&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<h1>Contact the ISS<\/h1>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Some ISS crew members make random, unscheduled, amateur radio voice contacts with earth-bound radio amateurs, often called &#8220;hams&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>They can make radio contacts during their breaks, pre-sleep time and before and after mealtime. Astronauts have contacted thousands of hams around the world. The work schedules of the ISS crew dictate when they are able to operate the radios.<\/p>\n<p>The crew&#8217;s usual waking period is 0730 &#8211; 1930 UTC. The most common times to find a crew member making casual periods are about one hour after waking and before sleeping, when they have personal time. They&#8217;re usually free most of the weekend, as well.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;2_5,3_5&#8243;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;2_5&#8243;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/030821_1858_Space3.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_text=&#8221;030821_1858_Space3.jpg&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;3_5&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p>(The\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/isslive.com\/timeline\/index.html\">current crew work schedule<\/a>\u00a0is published on the NASA website.)<\/p>\n<p>The crew can operate the 2-meter packet radio in unattended mode, and hams can make contacts with the ISS station when the crew members are working.\u00a0 Hams can also communicate with each other using the ISS packet (computer) radio mode, or receive slow scan television mode images. It all depends on what equipment is in service in space.<\/p>\n<p>A typical ground station for contacting the ISS station includes a 2-meter FM transceiver and 25-100 watts of output power. A circularly polarized crossed-Yagi antenna capable of being pointed in both azimuth (North-South-East-West) and elevation (degrees above the horizon) is desirable. But successful contacts have even been made with vertical and ground plane antennas.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;b6cd5d00-557d-40a0-bbcb-93bfc7a94fcc&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<h2>Frequency\u2019s in Use<\/h2>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p>The following frequencies are currently used for Amateur Radio ISS contacts (QSOs):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8212; Voice and SSTV Downlink: 145.80 (Worldwide)<br \/> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8212; Voice Uplink: 144.49 for ITU Regions 2 and 3 (The Americas, and the Pacific and Southern Asia)<br \/> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8212; Voice Uplink: 145.20 for ITU Region 1 (Europe, Russia and Africa)<br \/> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8212; VHF Packet Uplink and Downlink: 145.825 (Worldwide)<br \/> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8212; UHF Packet Uplink and Downlink: 437.550<br \/> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8212; VHF\/UHF Repeater Uplink: 145.99 (PL 67 Hz)<br \/> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8212; VHF\/UHF Repeater Downlink: 437.80<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_2&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p>Most ARISS operations are split-frequency (each station uses separate receive and transmit frequencies). The downlink is theearth station&#8217;s receiving frequency. The uplink is the earth station&#8217;s transmitting frequency. Earth stations can listen to the downlink frequency and transmit on the uplink frequency when the ISS is in range and crew members are on the air. Please do not transmit on the ISS downlink frequency.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_2&#8243;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/030821_1857_4.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_text=&#8221;030821_1857_4.jpg&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/030821_1857_5.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_text=&#8221;030821_1857_5.jpg&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p><strong>A BEGINERS GUIDE TO HAM RADIO IN SPACE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I<span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">nterested in getting started in working Satellites here is a great video by Bob K6UDA\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"#_top\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">WORKING THE SATELLITES<\/a><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On December 12, 1961, Amateur Radio entered the Space Age when OSCAR-1 was launched. Since then, amateurs from more than 22 different countries have launched over 70 satellites, exploring both digital and analog satellite technology. Many of the latest birds have been school experiments, training scientists and engineers.\u00a0 However, you don\u2019t need to be a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"color: #224466; font-family: Arial; font-size: 20pt; background-color: white;\"><strong>SPACE COMMUNICATION<br><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><span style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt; background-color: white;\">On December 12, 1961, Amateur Radio entered the Space Age when OSCAR-1 was launched. Since then, amateurs from more than 22 different countries have launched over 70 satellites, exploring both digital and analog satellite technology. Many of the latest birds have been school experiments, training scientists and engineers.<br><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><span style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt; background-color: white;\">However, you don't need to be a rocket scientist to participate-- Some satellites operate FM and can actually be worked using a dual-band handheld transceiver. An excellent place to start is AMSAT's&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amsat.org\/?page_id=2144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Station and Operating Hint<\/a>s page. AMSAT, or the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation, has played a key role in building, launching, and using amateur satellites. Occasionally, Radio Amateurs can talk with the astronauts on the International Space Station.<br><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/030821_1857_1.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"color: black; font-size: 16pt;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"color: black; font-size: 20pt;\"><strong>AMSAT<br><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><span style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt; background-color: white;\"><strong>The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation<\/strong>, or AMSAT, is a worldwide group of Amateur Radio Operators (Hams). It&nbsp;was formed in the District of Columbia in 1969 as an educational organizati<span style=\"color: #3a3a3a;\">on.<br><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><span style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt;\">AMSAT's goal is to foster Amateur Radio's participation in space research and communication. The Organization was founded to continue the efforts, begun in 1961, by Project&nbsp;<a title=\"Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OSCAR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OSCAR<\/a>, a west coast USA-based group which built and launched the very first Amateur Radio satellite, OSCAR, on December 12, 1961, barely four years after the launch of Russia's first Sputnik.<br><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><span style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt;\">Today, the \"home-brew\" flavor of these early Amateur Radio satellites lives on, as most of the hardware and software now flying on even the most advanced AMSAT satellites is still largely the product of volunteer effort and donated resources. Though we are fond of traditions our designs and technology continue to push the outside of the envelope.<br><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/030821_1857_2.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 20pt;\"><strong><br><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><span style=\"color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\"><strong>A great video is shown here about getting started <a href=\"#_top\">Guide to Ham Radio in Space<\/a> This is a beginner's guide to ham radio in space, entertaining look at amateur radio satellites<br><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 20pt;\"><strong>Contact the ISS<br><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"0\"><colgroup> <col style=\"width: 930px;\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody valign=\"top\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\">Some ISS crew members make random, unscheduled, amateur radio voice<br><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\">contacts with earth-bound radio amateurs, often called \"hams\".<br><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\">They can make radio contacts during their breaks, pre-sleep time and<br><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\">before and after mealtime. Astronauts have contacted thousands of hams<br><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\">around the world. The work schedules of the ISS crew dictate when they are<br><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\">able to operate the radios.<br><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\">The crew's usual waking period is 0730 - 1930 UTC.<br><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\">The most common times to find a crew member making casual periods are<br><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\">about one hour after waking and before sleeping, when they have personal<br><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\">time. They're usually free most of the weekend, as well.<br><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\">&nbsp;(The&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/isslive.com\/timeline\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #6ca9d5;\">current crew work schedule<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;is published on the NASA website.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\">The crew can operate the 2-meter packet radio in unattended mode, and hams can make contacts with the ISS station when the crew members are working.&nbsp; Hams can also communicate with each other using the ISS packet (computer) radio mode, or receive slow scan television mode images. It all depends on what equipment is in service in space.<br><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/030821_1857_3.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16pt;\"><br>A typical ground station for contacting the ISS station includes a 2-meter FM transceiver and 25-100 watts of output power. A circularly polarized crossed-Yagi antenna capable of being pointed in both azimuth (North-South-East-West) and elevation (degrees above the horizon) is desirable. But successful contacts have even been made with vertical and ground plane antennas.<br><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 20pt;\"><strong>Frequency's in Use<br><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><span style=\"color: #2a2a2a; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt;\">The following frequencies are currently used for Amateur Radio ISS contacts (QSOs):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -- Voice and SSTV Downlink: 145.80 (Worldwide)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -- Voice Uplink: 144.49 for ITU Regions 2 and 3 (The Americas, and the Pacific and Southern Asia)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -- Voice Uplink: 145.20 for ITU Region 1 (Europe, Russia and Africa)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -- VHF Packet Uplink and Downlink: 145.825 (Worldwide)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -- UHF Packet Uplink and Downlink: 437.550<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -- VHF\/UHF Repeater Uplink: 145.99 (PL 67 Hz)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -- VHF\/UHF Repeater Downlink: 437.80<br><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/030821_1857_4.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Most ARISS operations are split-frequency (each station uses separate receive and transmit frequencies). The downlink is theearth station's receiving frequency. The uplink is the earth station's transmitting frequency. Earth stations can listen to the downlink frequency and transmit on the uplink frequency when the ISS is in range and crew members are on the air. Please do not transmit on the ISS downlink frequency.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/030821_1857_5.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"color: #2a2a2a; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"color: #2a2a2a; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt;\">A BEGINERS GUIDE TO HAM RADIO IN SPACE<br><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><span style=\"color: #2a2a2a; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt;\">Interested in getting started in working Satellites here is a great video by Bob K6UDA <a href=\"#_top\">WORKING THE SATELLITES<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","_et_gb_content_width":"1080","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-space"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=351"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":559,"href":"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/351\/revisions\/559"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mohawkarc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}